Specific Gravity of gases is normally calculated with reference to air - and defined as the ratio of the density of the gas to the density of the air - at a specified temperature and pressure. ![]() Specific Gravity for some common Materials Specific Gravities common Substances Substance See also Thermophysical Properties of Water - Density, Freezing temperature, Boiling temperature, Latent heat of melting, Latent heat of evaporation, Critical temperature. Water is normally also used as reference when calculating the specific gravity for solids. SG of a fluid has the same numerical value as its density expressed in g/mL or Mg/m 3. Since Specific Gravity - SG - is dimensionless, it has the same value in the SI system and the imperial English system (BG). It is common to use the density of water at 4 oC (39 oF) as a reference since water at this point has its highest density of 1000 kg/m 3 or 1.940 slugs/ft 3. Ρ H2O = density of water - normally at temperature 4 oC Ρ substance = density of the fluid or substance Specific Gravity (Relative Density) - SG - is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water - at a specified temperature and can be expressed as
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